Genitourinary Cancer
Genitourinary cancers are tumors found in the urinary system and male reproductive systems. It includes Bladder cancer, Prostate cancer, kidney cancer, Testicular cancer, and Adrenal cancer.
Risk Factors
The Risk factors include increasing age, radiation exposure, chronic bladder irritation, chronic smoking, and previous history of cancer treatment.
Signs and Symptoms
The common signs include Hematuria (blood in urine), pain or Burning micturition, incomplete voiding, low back ache, and increase frequency and urgency of urination.
Diagnosis
Cystoscopy followed by biopsy is done to diagnose bladder cancers. Imaging like ultrasound, Contrast-enhanced Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole-body PET-CT scans are done to diagnose kidney and adrenal tumors. Tumor markers like PSA are required for prostate cancer.
Treatment
Depending upon the stage of the disease. Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Therapy may be required. Multimodality treatment is required in most cases.